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What does $(dy)(x, Delta x)$ mean?



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are In
Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)Why saying that “$x$ is an indeterminate real number” is misleading?What is the difference between an implicit ordinary differential equation and a differential algebraic equation?What are the ordinary and singular points of the first order diff. equation?On why we have $dy = f'(x)dx$?What does it mean for a solution to a differential equation to exist on some interval?What is “Phase Space” in differential equations and classical mechanics?What does “modulo equivalence relationship” mean?What is the “differential form” of an ODE?Differentials: What does half-planes defined by… mean?Is “ordinary differential equations in more than two variables” correct? Used in two books










4












$begingroup$


I am reading ordinary differential equations from a book which says




Hence, $dy = f'(x) Delta x$, we call $dy$ the differential of $y$. As the differential $dy$ is a function of two independent variables $x$ and $Delta x$, we indicate this dependency by $(dy)(x, Delta x)$.




Excuse me but what the hell is this? It goes even further by saying




The differential of $y$, written as $dy$ (or $df$) is defined by $$(dy)(x, Delta x) = f'(x) Delta x$$




And now I am completely confused. Do we define $dy$ twice? Or what is $(dy)(x, Delta x)$? Is it a sort of relation as it says "we write a dependency in this way", so it is a relation in terms of set theory? What is it exactly?



Why do $dy$ and $(dy)(x, Delta x)$ have the same definitions? Can we say that $dy = (dy)(x, Delta x)$ then? If so, what is the point of this mess? Thank you if you read up to this point and I will be more thankful if you help me to understand what I am missing.










share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$
















    4












    $begingroup$


    I am reading ordinary differential equations from a book which says




    Hence, $dy = f'(x) Delta x$, we call $dy$ the differential of $y$. As the differential $dy$ is a function of two independent variables $x$ and $Delta x$, we indicate this dependency by $(dy)(x, Delta x)$.




    Excuse me but what the hell is this? It goes even further by saying




    The differential of $y$, written as $dy$ (or $df$) is defined by $$(dy)(x, Delta x) = f'(x) Delta x$$




    And now I am completely confused. Do we define $dy$ twice? Or what is $(dy)(x, Delta x)$? Is it a sort of relation as it says "we write a dependency in this way", so it is a relation in terms of set theory? What is it exactly?



    Why do $dy$ and $(dy)(x, Delta x)$ have the same definitions? Can we say that $dy = (dy)(x, Delta x)$ then? If so, what is the point of this mess? Thank you if you read up to this point and I will be more thankful if you help me to understand what I am missing.










    share|cite|improve this question









    $endgroup$














      4












      4








      4


      1



      $begingroup$


      I am reading ordinary differential equations from a book which says




      Hence, $dy = f'(x) Delta x$, we call $dy$ the differential of $y$. As the differential $dy$ is a function of two independent variables $x$ and $Delta x$, we indicate this dependency by $(dy)(x, Delta x)$.




      Excuse me but what the hell is this? It goes even further by saying




      The differential of $y$, written as $dy$ (or $df$) is defined by $$(dy)(x, Delta x) = f'(x) Delta x$$




      And now I am completely confused. Do we define $dy$ twice? Or what is $(dy)(x, Delta x)$? Is it a sort of relation as it says "we write a dependency in this way", so it is a relation in terms of set theory? What is it exactly?



      Why do $dy$ and $(dy)(x, Delta x)$ have the same definitions? Can we say that $dy = (dy)(x, Delta x)$ then? If so, what is the point of this mess? Thank you if you read up to this point and I will be more thankful if you help me to understand what I am missing.










      share|cite|improve this question









      $endgroup$




      I am reading ordinary differential equations from a book which says




      Hence, $dy = f'(x) Delta x$, we call $dy$ the differential of $y$. As the differential $dy$ is a function of two independent variables $x$ and $Delta x$, we indicate this dependency by $(dy)(x, Delta x)$.




      Excuse me but what the hell is this? It goes even further by saying




      The differential of $y$, written as $dy$ (or $df$) is defined by $$(dy)(x, Delta x) = f'(x) Delta x$$




      And now I am completely confused. Do we define $dy$ twice? Or what is $(dy)(x, Delta x)$? Is it a sort of relation as it says "we write a dependency in this way", so it is a relation in terms of set theory? What is it exactly?



      Why do $dy$ and $(dy)(x, Delta x)$ have the same definitions? Can we say that $dy = (dy)(x, Delta x)$ then? If so, what is the point of this mess? Thank you if you read up to this point and I will be more thankful if you help me to understand what I am missing.







      ordinary-differential-equations notation terminology






      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question











      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question










      asked Apr 8 at 12:08









      Turkhan BadalovTurkhan Badalov

      489313




      489313




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          2












          $begingroup$

          Say $y=e^2x$. Then we write $dy = 2 e^2x;dx$. This exhibits $dy$ as a function of two variables, namely $x$ and $dx$. Perhaps this author wrote $Delta x$ in place of $dx$, hoping that this would reduce confusion...






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$




















            2












            $begingroup$

            $$dy(x,Delta x):= dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$



            $dy(x)$ is a linear application : it's the linear approximation of $y$ in a neighborhood of $x$, i.e. $dy(x):mathbb Rto mathbb R$ if defined by $$dy(x)(h):= y'(x)h.$$
            But $h=x+h-x=:Delta x$, so you have to see $Delta x$ as a "variable" (namely as the distance from $x$), and we denote $$dy(x,Delta x):=dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$




            Normally, we write $dy$ instead of $dy(x,Delta x)$.






            share|cite|improve this answer











            $endgroup$













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              2 Answers
              2






              active

              oldest

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              2 Answers
              2






              active

              oldest

              votes









              active

              oldest

              votes






              active

              oldest

              votes









              2












              $begingroup$

              Say $y=e^2x$. Then we write $dy = 2 e^2x;dx$. This exhibits $dy$ as a function of two variables, namely $x$ and $dx$. Perhaps this author wrote $Delta x$ in place of $dx$, hoping that this would reduce confusion...






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$

















                2












                $begingroup$

                Say $y=e^2x$. Then we write $dy = 2 e^2x;dx$. This exhibits $dy$ as a function of two variables, namely $x$ and $dx$. Perhaps this author wrote $Delta x$ in place of $dx$, hoping that this would reduce confusion...






                share|cite|improve this answer









                $endgroup$















                  2












                  2








                  2





                  $begingroup$

                  Say $y=e^2x$. Then we write $dy = 2 e^2x;dx$. This exhibits $dy$ as a function of two variables, namely $x$ and $dx$. Perhaps this author wrote $Delta x$ in place of $dx$, hoping that this would reduce confusion...






                  share|cite|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$



                  Say $y=e^2x$. Then we write $dy = 2 e^2x;dx$. This exhibits $dy$ as a function of two variables, namely $x$ and $dx$. Perhaps this author wrote $Delta x$ in place of $dx$, hoping that this would reduce confusion...







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



                  share|cite|improve this answer










                  answered Apr 8 at 12:51









                  GEdgarGEdgar

                  63.6k269175




                  63.6k269175





















                      2












                      $begingroup$

                      $$dy(x,Delta x):= dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$



                      $dy(x)$ is a linear application : it's the linear approximation of $y$ in a neighborhood of $x$, i.e. $dy(x):mathbb Rto mathbb R$ if defined by $$dy(x)(h):= y'(x)h.$$
                      But $h=x+h-x=:Delta x$, so you have to see $Delta x$ as a "variable" (namely as the distance from $x$), and we denote $$dy(x,Delta x):=dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$




                      Normally, we write $dy$ instead of $dy(x,Delta x)$.






                      share|cite|improve this answer











                      $endgroup$

















                        2












                        $begingroup$

                        $$dy(x,Delta x):= dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$



                        $dy(x)$ is a linear application : it's the linear approximation of $y$ in a neighborhood of $x$, i.e. $dy(x):mathbb Rto mathbb R$ if defined by $$dy(x)(h):= y'(x)h.$$
                        But $h=x+h-x=:Delta x$, so you have to see $Delta x$ as a "variable" (namely as the distance from $x$), and we denote $$dy(x,Delta x):=dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$




                        Normally, we write $dy$ instead of $dy(x,Delta x)$.






                        share|cite|improve this answer











                        $endgroup$















                          2












                          2








                          2





                          $begingroup$

                          $$dy(x,Delta x):= dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$



                          $dy(x)$ is a linear application : it's the linear approximation of $y$ in a neighborhood of $x$, i.e. $dy(x):mathbb Rto mathbb R$ if defined by $$dy(x)(h):= y'(x)h.$$
                          But $h=x+h-x=:Delta x$, so you have to see $Delta x$ as a "variable" (namely as the distance from $x$), and we denote $$dy(x,Delta x):=dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$




                          Normally, we write $dy$ instead of $dy(x,Delta x)$.






                          share|cite|improve this answer











                          $endgroup$



                          $$dy(x,Delta x):= dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$



                          $dy(x)$ is a linear application : it's the linear approximation of $y$ in a neighborhood of $x$, i.e. $dy(x):mathbb Rto mathbb R$ if defined by $$dy(x)(h):= y'(x)h.$$
                          But $h=x+h-x=:Delta x$, so you have to see $Delta x$ as a "variable" (namely as the distance from $x$), and we denote $$dy(x,Delta x):=dy(x)(Delta x)=y'(x)Delta x.$$




                          Normally, we write $dy$ instead of $dy(x,Delta x)$.







                          share|cite|improve this answer














                          share|cite|improve this answer



                          share|cite|improve this answer








                          edited Apr 8 at 14:16

























                          answered Apr 8 at 12:19









                          user657324user657324

                          59510




                          59510



























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