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Sjemenjače Sadržaj Obilježja | Razmnožavanje | Sistematika | Izvori | Navigacijski izbornikZajedničkom poslužiteljuSjemenjače

SjemenjačeVaskularne biljke


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Sjemenjače




Izvor: Wikipedija

(Preusmjereno s Cvjetnjače)





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Sjemenjače

Welwitschia mirabilis, iz divizije Gnetophyta

Welwitschia mirabilis, iz divizije Gnetophyta


Status zaštite




Sistematika







Carstvo:

Plantae

Podcarstvo:

Tracheobionta

Superdivizija:

Spermatophyta

Područje života


Divizije

  • Pinophyta

  • Cycadophyta

  • Ginkgophyta

  • Gnetophyta

  • Magnoliophyta


Spermatophyta.png


Sjemenjače (Spermatophyta) su jedan od odjeljaka u carstvu biljaka. One tvore sjeme kao organe za razmnožavanje. To ih čini različitim od biljki koje se razmnožavaju sporama, paprati i mahovine, koje čine zasebna podcarstva unutar carstva biljki.


Ovisno o tome je li sjeme dijelom ili potpuno skriveno u plodnici, sjemenjače se tradicionalno dijele na golosjemenjače (Gymnospermae) i kritosjemenjače (Magnoliophyta, ranije Angiospermae). Pri tome su golosjemenjače parafiletički takson, što znači da ne obuhvaća sve kasnije skupine razvijene od zadnjih zajedničkih predaka, jer se smatra vrlo vjerojatnim da su se kritosjemenjače razvile od golosjemenih biljaka.




Sadržaj





  • 1 Obilježja


  • 2 Razmnožavanje


  • 3 Sistematika


  • 4 Izvori




Obilježja |


Obilježje svih sjemenjača su cvijet i sjeme. Golosjemenjače u pravilu oprašuje vjetar. Njihovi cvjetovi su često češeri. Cvjetovi kritosjemenjača imaju uglavnom kompleksnu građu, a biljke su, ovisno o načinu oprašivanja, razvile niz strategija za privlačenje "svojih" oprašivača (boja, oblik, miris cvjetova).



Razmnožavanje |


Sjemenjače prolaze smjenu generacija: smjenjuju se, kao kod paprati i mahovina, haploidna spolna (gametofit i diploidna nespolna (sporofit) generacija.


Pelud se kod golosjemenjača prenosi direktno na sjemenu podlogu. Kod kritosjemenjača pelud dospijeva prvo na njušku tučka, dakle kod "modernih" sjemenjača između oprašivanja i oplodnje koja se dogodi kad zrnce peluda stigne do plodnice na dnu tučka, prolazi određeno vrijeme. Time je sjemena podloga bolje zaštićena od samooplodnje.



Sistematika |


Klasična sistematika svrstavala je sve sjemenjače u jednu diviziju, podijeljenu na razrede:



  • cvjetnjače ili sjemenjače (Spermatophyta)


  • Ginkgoopsida - jedini predstavnik ovog roda je ginko

  • Cycadopsida

  • Pinopsida

  • Gnetopsida

Danas se u suvremenoj klasifikaciji koristi podjela, koja ove grupe rangira kao zasebne divizije, grupirane kako slijedi:



  • Golosjemenjače (Gymnospermae)
    • Cycadophyta


    • Ginkgophyta, zastupljena na svim razinama razdiobe samo sjednom vrstom, ginko, što znači da je monogenerična


    • Četinjače (Pinophyta)

    • Gnetophyta



  • Kritosjemenjače, (Magnoliophyta)




Logotip Zajedničkog poslužitelja


Na Zajedničkom poslužitelju postoje datoteke vezane uz: Sjemenjače



Logotip Wikivrsta


Wikivrste imaju podatke o: Spermatophyta


Izvori |











Dobavljeno iz "https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjemenjače&oldid=4901093"










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