Traceless matrices and commutators The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InHow can I prove that if $ trace(C)=0 $ then $C=AB-BA$?Existence of $p times p $ matrices $A$ and $B$ over the field $mathbb F_p$, $p$ prime, such that $AB-BA=I$.Subspace of the real matrices generated by the matrices of the form $AB-BA$Characterizing the image of the commutatoris it possible to find such nonsingular matrices?Can we write a matrix with zero trace as a commutator?Universal parametrization for orthogonal matricesHall's identity and beyond?Exponential restricts to special linear matricesProving two matrices are cogredient over $mathbbQ$Meaning of $[A,B]$ when $A$ and $B$ are self-adjointSkew-Hermitian matricesCharacterizing the image of the commutatorCommutators of Almost Diagonal MatricesQuestion related to the trace and the commutator of matricesLie algebra of a matrix group

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Traceless matrices and commutators



The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are InHow can I prove that if $ trace(C)=0 $ then $C=AB-BA$?Existence of $p times p $ matrices $A$ and $B$ over the field $mathbb F_p$, $p$ prime, such that $AB-BA=I$.Subspace of the real matrices generated by the matrices of the form $AB-BA$Characterizing the image of the commutatoris it possible to find such nonsingular matrices?Can we write a matrix with zero trace as a commutator?Universal parametrization for orthogonal matricesHall's identity and beyond?Exponential restricts to special linear matricesProving two matrices are cogredient over $mathbbQ$Meaning of $[A,B]$ when $A$ and $B$ are self-adjointSkew-Hermitian matricesCharacterizing the image of the commutatorCommutators of Almost Diagonal MatricesQuestion related to the trace and the commutator of matricesLie algebra of a matrix group










4












$begingroup$


Any traceless $ntimes n$ matrix with coefficients in a field of caracteristic $0$ is a commutator (or Lie bracket) of two matrices. What happens when the field has positive caracteristic?



When trying to reproduce the proof I have in the caracteristic $0$ case for the positive caractersitic case, I run into two problems:



  1. multiples of the identity may have trace $=0$.

  2. a matrix may have a spectrum equal to the whole field.


Are all traceless matrices commutators? If not, for which $ninmathbbNsetminuslbrace 0 rbrace$ and fields $k$ does it still hold? EDIT given a traceless matrix $M$, I want to know wether there are two matrices $A,B$ with $M=AB-BA$.











share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$
















    4












    $begingroup$


    Any traceless $ntimes n$ matrix with coefficients in a field of caracteristic $0$ is a commutator (or Lie bracket) of two matrices. What happens when the field has positive caracteristic?



    When trying to reproduce the proof I have in the caracteristic $0$ case for the positive caractersitic case, I run into two problems:



    1. multiples of the identity may have trace $=0$.

    2. a matrix may have a spectrum equal to the whole field.


    Are all traceless matrices commutators? If not, for which $ninmathbbNsetminuslbrace 0 rbrace$ and fields $k$ does it still hold? EDIT given a traceless matrix $M$, I want to know wether there are two matrices $A,B$ with $M=AB-BA$.











    share|cite|improve this question











    $endgroup$














      4












      4








      4


      1



      $begingroup$


      Any traceless $ntimes n$ matrix with coefficients in a field of caracteristic $0$ is a commutator (or Lie bracket) of two matrices. What happens when the field has positive caracteristic?



      When trying to reproduce the proof I have in the caracteristic $0$ case for the positive caractersitic case, I run into two problems:



      1. multiples of the identity may have trace $=0$.

      2. a matrix may have a spectrum equal to the whole field.


      Are all traceless matrices commutators? If not, for which $ninmathbbNsetminuslbrace 0 rbrace$ and fields $k$ does it still hold? EDIT given a traceless matrix $M$, I want to know wether there are two matrices $A,B$ with $M=AB-BA$.











      share|cite|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      Any traceless $ntimes n$ matrix with coefficients in a field of caracteristic $0$ is a commutator (or Lie bracket) of two matrices. What happens when the field has positive caracteristic?



      When trying to reproduce the proof I have in the caracteristic $0$ case for the positive caractersitic case, I run into two problems:



      1. multiples of the identity may have trace $=0$.

      2. a matrix may have a spectrum equal to the whole field.


      Are all traceless matrices commutators? If not, for which $ninmathbbNsetminuslbrace 0 rbrace$ and fields $k$ does it still hold? EDIT given a traceless matrix $M$, I want to know wether there are two matrices $A,B$ with $M=AB-BA$.








      matrices finite-fields






      share|cite|improve this question















      share|cite|improve this question













      share|cite|improve this question




      share|cite|improve this question








      edited Mar 27 '12 at 22:00







      Olivier Bégassat

















      asked Mar 27 '12 at 21:34









      Olivier BégassatOlivier Bégassat

      13.4k12373




      13.4k12373




















          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          8












          $begingroup$

          If $k$ is any field, the $k$-algebra $M_n(k)$ is Morita equivalent (as a $k$-algebra) to $k$. It follows that $M_n(k)$ and $k$ have isomorphic Hochschild homologies. In particular, they have isomorphic $0$th Hochschild homology.



          In general, if $A$ is a $k$-algebra, the zeroth homology is $HH_0(A)=A/[A,A]$, the quotient of $A$ by the subspace generated by commutators. Since $k$ is a commutative $k$-algebra, it is obvious that $HH_0(k)=k$. The first paragraph, then, tells us that $$M_n(k)/[M_n(k),M_n(k)]cong k.$$



          Now, the trace is a non-zero linear map $mathrmtr:M_n(k)to k$ which vanishes on $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$. It follows by the above isomorphism that $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$ is precisely the kernel of the trace.



          N.B.: The details underlying my first paragraph above are explain in Jean-Louis Loday's book on cyclic homology or in Chuck Weibel's one on homological algebra, among other places.



          Later. Olivier wanted matrices to be actual commutators, not sums thereof. It is a result of Albert and Muckenhoupt that this is always possible over a field. See http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.mmj/1028990168






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 1




            $begingroup$
            I see, but wouldn't this show that traceless matrices are sums of commutators? I want to know wether any traceless matrix is a commutator. I'll edit my question to make it clearer.
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 21:57











          • $begingroup$
            Yes. That's what I wrote :)
            $endgroup$
            – Mariano Suárez-Álvarez
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:01










          • $begingroup$
            But are traceless matrices always a particular commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Thank you for your last edit. Unfortunately I don't have access to the whole article but only to the first page. I think it might be improper for me to ask you to send me the file via email, but if it isn't and you'd do it I could give you my email address. Thanks in any case!
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Apr 29 '12 at 10:57










          • $begingroup$
            This is a very nice application of abstract machinery! This question popped up in a different form, see here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2677496/…
            $endgroup$
            – Mathematician 42
            Mar 5 '18 at 9:47


















          1












          $begingroup$

          Not all traceless matrix are commutators given a finite field with order $p^n$. Note that $M^p^n - M$ will have trace zero. Use the fact that the trace of $M$ is the sum of its eigenvalues and that $M^k$ has trace as sum of the eigenvalues of $M$ raised to $k$.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Why is that matrix not a commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – darij grinberg
            Apr 6 at 17:26










          • $begingroup$
            I might have been answering a different question with my posted answer but yeah--this should be a commutator.
            $endgroup$
            – doge5ever
            Apr 7 at 1:01











          Your Answer





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          2 Answers
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          active

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          2 Answers
          2






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          8












          $begingroup$

          If $k$ is any field, the $k$-algebra $M_n(k)$ is Morita equivalent (as a $k$-algebra) to $k$. It follows that $M_n(k)$ and $k$ have isomorphic Hochschild homologies. In particular, they have isomorphic $0$th Hochschild homology.



          In general, if $A$ is a $k$-algebra, the zeroth homology is $HH_0(A)=A/[A,A]$, the quotient of $A$ by the subspace generated by commutators. Since $k$ is a commutative $k$-algebra, it is obvious that $HH_0(k)=k$. The first paragraph, then, tells us that $$M_n(k)/[M_n(k),M_n(k)]cong k.$$



          Now, the trace is a non-zero linear map $mathrmtr:M_n(k)to k$ which vanishes on $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$. It follows by the above isomorphism that $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$ is precisely the kernel of the trace.



          N.B.: The details underlying my first paragraph above are explain in Jean-Louis Loday's book on cyclic homology or in Chuck Weibel's one on homological algebra, among other places.



          Later. Olivier wanted matrices to be actual commutators, not sums thereof. It is a result of Albert and Muckenhoupt that this is always possible over a field. See http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.mmj/1028990168






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 1




            $begingroup$
            I see, but wouldn't this show that traceless matrices are sums of commutators? I want to know wether any traceless matrix is a commutator. I'll edit my question to make it clearer.
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 21:57











          • $begingroup$
            Yes. That's what I wrote :)
            $endgroup$
            – Mariano Suárez-Álvarez
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:01










          • $begingroup$
            But are traceless matrices always a particular commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Thank you for your last edit. Unfortunately I don't have access to the whole article but only to the first page. I think it might be improper for me to ask you to send me the file via email, but if it isn't and you'd do it I could give you my email address. Thanks in any case!
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Apr 29 '12 at 10:57










          • $begingroup$
            This is a very nice application of abstract machinery! This question popped up in a different form, see here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2677496/…
            $endgroup$
            – Mathematician 42
            Mar 5 '18 at 9:47















          8












          $begingroup$

          If $k$ is any field, the $k$-algebra $M_n(k)$ is Morita equivalent (as a $k$-algebra) to $k$. It follows that $M_n(k)$ and $k$ have isomorphic Hochschild homologies. In particular, they have isomorphic $0$th Hochschild homology.



          In general, if $A$ is a $k$-algebra, the zeroth homology is $HH_0(A)=A/[A,A]$, the quotient of $A$ by the subspace generated by commutators. Since $k$ is a commutative $k$-algebra, it is obvious that $HH_0(k)=k$. The first paragraph, then, tells us that $$M_n(k)/[M_n(k),M_n(k)]cong k.$$



          Now, the trace is a non-zero linear map $mathrmtr:M_n(k)to k$ which vanishes on $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$. It follows by the above isomorphism that $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$ is precisely the kernel of the trace.



          N.B.: The details underlying my first paragraph above are explain in Jean-Louis Loday's book on cyclic homology or in Chuck Weibel's one on homological algebra, among other places.



          Later. Olivier wanted matrices to be actual commutators, not sums thereof. It is a result of Albert and Muckenhoupt that this is always possible over a field. See http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.mmj/1028990168






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$








          • 1




            $begingroup$
            I see, but wouldn't this show that traceless matrices are sums of commutators? I want to know wether any traceless matrix is a commutator. I'll edit my question to make it clearer.
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 21:57











          • $begingroup$
            Yes. That's what I wrote :)
            $endgroup$
            – Mariano Suárez-Álvarez
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:01










          • $begingroup$
            But are traceless matrices always a particular commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Thank you for your last edit. Unfortunately I don't have access to the whole article but only to the first page. I think it might be improper for me to ask you to send me the file via email, but if it isn't and you'd do it I could give you my email address. Thanks in any case!
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Apr 29 '12 at 10:57










          • $begingroup$
            This is a very nice application of abstract machinery! This question popped up in a different form, see here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2677496/…
            $endgroup$
            – Mathematician 42
            Mar 5 '18 at 9:47













          8












          8








          8





          $begingroup$

          If $k$ is any field, the $k$-algebra $M_n(k)$ is Morita equivalent (as a $k$-algebra) to $k$. It follows that $M_n(k)$ and $k$ have isomorphic Hochschild homologies. In particular, they have isomorphic $0$th Hochschild homology.



          In general, if $A$ is a $k$-algebra, the zeroth homology is $HH_0(A)=A/[A,A]$, the quotient of $A$ by the subspace generated by commutators. Since $k$ is a commutative $k$-algebra, it is obvious that $HH_0(k)=k$. The first paragraph, then, tells us that $$M_n(k)/[M_n(k),M_n(k)]cong k.$$



          Now, the trace is a non-zero linear map $mathrmtr:M_n(k)to k$ which vanishes on $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$. It follows by the above isomorphism that $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$ is precisely the kernel of the trace.



          N.B.: The details underlying my first paragraph above are explain in Jean-Louis Loday's book on cyclic homology or in Chuck Weibel's one on homological algebra, among other places.



          Later. Olivier wanted matrices to be actual commutators, not sums thereof. It is a result of Albert and Muckenhoupt that this is always possible over a field. See http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.mmj/1028990168






          share|cite|improve this answer











          $endgroup$



          If $k$ is any field, the $k$-algebra $M_n(k)$ is Morita equivalent (as a $k$-algebra) to $k$. It follows that $M_n(k)$ and $k$ have isomorphic Hochschild homologies. In particular, they have isomorphic $0$th Hochschild homology.



          In general, if $A$ is a $k$-algebra, the zeroth homology is $HH_0(A)=A/[A,A]$, the quotient of $A$ by the subspace generated by commutators. Since $k$ is a commutative $k$-algebra, it is obvious that $HH_0(k)=k$. The first paragraph, then, tells us that $$M_n(k)/[M_n(k),M_n(k)]cong k.$$



          Now, the trace is a non-zero linear map $mathrmtr:M_n(k)to k$ which vanishes on $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$. It follows by the above isomorphism that $[M_n(k),M_n(k)]$ is precisely the kernel of the trace.



          N.B.: The details underlying my first paragraph above are explain in Jean-Louis Loday's book on cyclic homology or in Chuck Weibel's one on homological algebra, among other places.



          Later. Olivier wanted matrices to be actual commutators, not sums thereof. It is a result of Albert and Muckenhoupt that this is always possible over a field. See http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.mmj/1028990168







          share|cite|improve this answer














          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer








          edited Mar 27 '12 at 23:55

























          answered Mar 27 '12 at 21:51









          Mariano Suárez-ÁlvarezMariano Suárez-Álvarez

          112k7159291




          112k7159291







          • 1




            $begingroup$
            I see, but wouldn't this show that traceless matrices are sums of commutators? I want to know wether any traceless matrix is a commutator. I'll edit my question to make it clearer.
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 21:57











          • $begingroup$
            Yes. That's what I wrote :)
            $endgroup$
            – Mariano Suárez-Álvarez
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:01










          • $begingroup$
            But are traceless matrices always a particular commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Thank you for your last edit. Unfortunately I don't have access to the whole article but only to the first page. I think it might be improper for me to ask you to send me the file via email, but if it isn't and you'd do it I could give you my email address. Thanks in any case!
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Apr 29 '12 at 10:57










          • $begingroup$
            This is a very nice application of abstract machinery! This question popped up in a different form, see here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2677496/…
            $endgroup$
            – Mathematician 42
            Mar 5 '18 at 9:47












          • 1




            $begingroup$
            I see, but wouldn't this show that traceless matrices are sums of commutators? I want to know wether any traceless matrix is a commutator. I'll edit my question to make it clearer.
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 21:57











          • $begingroup$
            Yes. That's what I wrote :)
            $endgroup$
            – Mariano Suárez-Álvarez
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:01










          • $begingroup$
            But are traceless matrices always a particular commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Mar 27 '12 at 22:08






          • 1




            $begingroup$
            Thank you for your last edit. Unfortunately I don't have access to the whole article but only to the first page. I think it might be improper for me to ask you to send me the file via email, but if it isn't and you'd do it I could give you my email address. Thanks in any case!
            $endgroup$
            – Olivier Bégassat
            Apr 29 '12 at 10:57










          • $begingroup$
            This is a very nice application of abstract machinery! This question popped up in a different form, see here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2677496/…
            $endgroup$
            – Mathematician 42
            Mar 5 '18 at 9:47







          1




          1




          $begingroup$
          I see, but wouldn't this show that traceless matrices are sums of commutators? I want to know wether any traceless matrix is a commutator. I'll edit my question to make it clearer.
          $endgroup$
          – Olivier Bégassat
          Mar 27 '12 at 21:57





          $begingroup$
          I see, but wouldn't this show that traceless matrices are sums of commutators? I want to know wether any traceless matrix is a commutator. I'll edit my question to make it clearer.
          $endgroup$
          – Olivier Bégassat
          Mar 27 '12 at 21:57













          $begingroup$
          Yes. That's what I wrote :)
          $endgroup$
          – Mariano Suárez-Álvarez
          Mar 27 '12 at 22:01




          $begingroup$
          Yes. That's what I wrote :)
          $endgroup$
          – Mariano Suárez-Álvarez
          Mar 27 '12 at 22:01












          $begingroup$
          But are traceless matrices always a particular commutator?
          $endgroup$
          – Olivier Bégassat
          Mar 27 '12 at 22:08




          $begingroup$
          But are traceless matrices always a particular commutator?
          $endgroup$
          – Olivier Bégassat
          Mar 27 '12 at 22:08




          1




          1




          $begingroup$
          Thank you for your last edit. Unfortunately I don't have access to the whole article but only to the first page. I think it might be improper for me to ask you to send me the file via email, but if it isn't and you'd do it I could give you my email address. Thanks in any case!
          $endgroup$
          – Olivier Bégassat
          Apr 29 '12 at 10:57




          $begingroup$
          Thank you for your last edit. Unfortunately I don't have access to the whole article but only to the first page. I think it might be improper for me to ask you to send me the file via email, but if it isn't and you'd do it I could give you my email address. Thanks in any case!
          $endgroup$
          – Olivier Bégassat
          Apr 29 '12 at 10:57












          $begingroup$
          This is a very nice application of abstract machinery! This question popped up in a different form, see here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2677496/…
          $endgroup$
          – Mathematician 42
          Mar 5 '18 at 9:47




          $begingroup$
          This is a very nice application of abstract machinery! This question popped up in a different form, see here: math.stackexchange.com/questions/2677496/…
          $endgroup$
          – Mathematician 42
          Mar 5 '18 at 9:47











          1












          $begingroup$

          Not all traceless matrix are commutators given a finite field with order $p^n$. Note that $M^p^n - M$ will have trace zero. Use the fact that the trace of $M$ is the sum of its eigenvalues and that $M^k$ has trace as sum of the eigenvalues of $M$ raised to $k$.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Why is that matrix not a commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – darij grinberg
            Apr 6 at 17:26










          • $begingroup$
            I might have been answering a different question with my posted answer but yeah--this should be a commutator.
            $endgroup$
            – doge5ever
            Apr 7 at 1:01















          1












          $begingroup$

          Not all traceless matrix are commutators given a finite field with order $p^n$. Note that $M^p^n - M$ will have trace zero. Use the fact that the trace of $M$ is the sum of its eigenvalues and that $M^k$ has trace as sum of the eigenvalues of $M$ raised to $k$.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$












          • $begingroup$
            Why is that matrix not a commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – darij grinberg
            Apr 6 at 17:26










          • $begingroup$
            I might have been answering a different question with my posted answer but yeah--this should be a commutator.
            $endgroup$
            – doge5ever
            Apr 7 at 1:01













          1












          1








          1





          $begingroup$

          Not all traceless matrix are commutators given a finite field with order $p^n$. Note that $M^p^n - M$ will have trace zero. Use the fact that the trace of $M$ is the sum of its eigenvalues and that $M^k$ has trace as sum of the eigenvalues of $M$ raised to $k$.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          Not all traceless matrix are commutators given a finite field with order $p^n$. Note that $M^p^n - M$ will have trace zero. Use the fact that the trace of $M$ is the sum of its eigenvalues and that $M^k$ has trace as sum of the eigenvalues of $M$ raised to $k$.







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered Apr 13 '18 at 18:30









          doge5everdoge5ever

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          364











          • $begingroup$
            Why is that matrix not a commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – darij grinberg
            Apr 6 at 17:26










          • $begingroup$
            I might have been answering a different question with my posted answer but yeah--this should be a commutator.
            $endgroup$
            – doge5ever
            Apr 7 at 1:01
















          • $begingroup$
            Why is that matrix not a commutator?
            $endgroup$
            – darij grinberg
            Apr 6 at 17:26










          • $begingroup$
            I might have been answering a different question with my posted answer but yeah--this should be a commutator.
            $endgroup$
            – doge5ever
            Apr 7 at 1:01















          $begingroup$
          Why is that matrix not a commutator?
          $endgroup$
          – darij grinberg
          Apr 6 at 17:26




          $begingroup$
          Why is that matrix not a commutator?
          $endgroup$
          – darij grinberg
          Apr 6 at 17:26












          $begingroup$
          I might have been answering a different question with my posted answer but yeah--this should be a commutator.
          $endgroup$
          – doge5ever
          Apr 7 at 1:01




          $begingroup$
          I might have been answering a different question with my posted answer but yeah--this should be a commutator.
          $endgroup$
          – doge5ever
          Apr 7 at 1:01

















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